This is because of the polarity inversion between the transformers. When the carrier is negative, the left-right pair of diodes conduct and pass the modulator signal in reverse polarity. The carrier signal's amplitude will affect how much of the modulator signal is passed (similar to amplitude modulation). When the carrier is positive, the top-bottom pair of diodes conduct and pass the modulator signal in its true polarity. Note that ring modulation carrier and modulator signals should be bipolar, meaning their amplitudes pass through moments of positive and negative values. Whatever pair is conducting at a given time will carry the audio/modulator signal through the circuit. Each diode pair is made up of opposite diodes in the ring (in the circuit diagram above, the top and bottom diodes make one pair, and the left and right diodes make the other pair). The carrier signal (which must be AC) will cause one pair of diodes to conduct electricity and effectively reverse-bias the other pair. Note that the diodes in the diode ring can face clockwise or counter-clockwise, depending on the schematic. In the following explanation, we'll be referencing the simplified circuit above in which the diodes of the diode ring point in a clockwise fashion. This circuit utilizes several diodes in the shape of a ring, as is shown below: The term “ring modulation” comes from the analog circuit's basic schematic that produces the effect. Note that the original signals (the carrier and modulator) are not outputted in a ring modulator circuit. So then, ring modulation is an effect that takes two signals (a carrier and modulator) and produces sidebands (the sums and differences of the frequencies on the carrier and modulator signals) at the output. Ring modulators are most often seen as effects units or synthesizer modules. The carrier is another signal (often a generated sine wave oscillator). With ring modulators (particularly those concerned with the audio effect), the modulator signal is typically the input/program audio. The carrier and modulator signals of a modulation circuit could be any electrical signal. We'll discuss typical amplitude modulation and how it compares to typical ring modulation later in this article.įrequency mixing is the electrical process of creating new frequencies at an output from two signals at an input via a “frequency mixer.” In the most basic sense, which happens to be the case with ring modulation, two signals are “mixed,” and new signals are produced, made up of the sum and difference of the original signal frequencies. Let's break down that first paragraph.Īs the name suggests, amplitude modulation is technically any system/process that modulates (alters) the amplitude of one signal by another signal. It effectively creates and outputs sidebands (the sum(s) and difference(s)) of a modulator and carrier signal. In electronics (and, therefore, audio), ring modulation is a type of amplitude modulation and an implementation of frequency mixing. Frequency Mixing & The Ring Modulation Effect.Top 8 Best Ring Modulation Pedals For Guitar & Bass.What Are Ring Modulation Effects Pedals & How Do They Work?.Complete Guide To Audio Modulation Effects (With Examples).By the end of this article, you'll have a solid understanding of ring modulation and how to use it in your work, along with a short list of ring modulator examples to consider. In this article, we'll discuss the fascinating effect of ring modulation and how it works to affect audio signals. The carrier is typically a simple wave selected by the effects unit, while the modulator signal is the input signal. What is the ring modulation effect in audio? Ring modulation is an amplitude modulation effect where two signals (an input/modulator signal and a carrier signal) are summed together to create two brand new frequencies: the sum and difference of the input and carrier signals. From radio and telecommunication applications to strange sonic effects, ring modulation is an intriguing and often overlooked audio effect in music and audio production.
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